Figure B. Adaptation options can be related to the changing patterns of climate to varying extents. Some options are clearly “climate centered” in that they address specific challenges posed by a changing climate – for example, preparing infrastructure for conditions of thawing permafrost. Other long-term options are just “good development.” These “vulnerability-centered” options address existing vulnerabilities that could be exacerbated by changes in a variety of external factors, climatic as well as socio-economic (see further explanations in Chapter 11, Figure 11.2, and the summary table in Chapter 12).