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Figure 4.9 Ranked overview (from highest to lowest risk) of the proportion of individuals, when possible grouped according to maturity, of specific Arctic terrestrial bird populations that are at risk of total Hg-mediated health effects. Following 2000–2015 hepatic concentrations, five risk categories are reported based upon effect threshold categories observed for North American bird species (Ackerman et al., 2016).
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Figure 4.8 Geographical overview of the proportion of individuals of specific Arctic terrestrial and freshwater bird populations that are at risk of total-Hg mediated health effects; based on post-2000 monitoring data grouped according to maturity when possible. The five risk categories are defined using effect threshold categories for North American bird species (Ackerman et al., 2016). See Annex 3 for details of datasets, sources and effects category thresholds.
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Figure 4.7 Ranked overview (from highest to lowest risk) of the proportion of individuals, where possible grouped according to maturity, of specific Arctic marine bird populations that are at risk of total Hg-mediated health effects. Following 2000-2015 hepatic concentrations, five risk categories are reported based upon effect threshold categories observed for North American bird species (Ackerman et al., 2016).
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Figure 4.6 Geographical overview of the proportion of individuals of specific Arctic marine bird populations that are at risk of total-Hg mediated health effects; based on post-2000 monitoring data grouped according to maturity where possible. Results based on bird egg monitoring data and results from monitoring of adult/juvenile birds. The five risk categories are defined using effect threshold categories for North American bird species (Ackerman et al., 2016). See Annex 3 for details of datasets, sources and effects category thresholds.
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Figure 4.5 Ranked overview (from highest to lowest risk) of the proportion of individuals, where possible grouped according to maturity, of specific Arctic terrestrial mammal populations that are at risk of total Hg-mediated health effects. Following 2000–2015 hepatic concentrations, five risk categories are reported based upon effect threshold categories observed for mink (Wobeser et al., 1976; Wren et al., 1987).
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Figure 4.4 Ranked overview (from highest to lowest risk) of the proportion of individuals, where possible grouped according to maturity, of specific Arctic marine mammal populations that are at risk of total Hg-mediated health effects. Following 2000–2015 hepatic concentrations, five risk categories are reported based upon effect threshold categories observed for harp seals (Ronald et al., 1977).
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Figure 4.3 Geographical overview of the proportion of individuals of specific Arctic marine mammal populations that are at risk of Hg-mediated health effects; based on post-2000 monitoring data grouped according to maturity where possible. The five risk categories are defined using effect threshold categories observed for harp seals (Ronald et al., 1977). See Annex 3 for the detailed information upon which this summary graphic is based.
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Figure 4.2 Combined reproductive and immune effects of PCBs on population size of killer whales simulated for a 100-year period. Bold line and shading represent the median and interquartile range represented as a percentage of starting population size. Panels are divided by populations with positive growth and negative growth. Modified from Desforges et al. (2018).
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Figure 3.1 Cells and molecules of the mammalian innate and adaptive immune system (modified from Desforges et al., 2016).
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Figure 3.2 DXA scanning images of (left) a 12-year-old female East Greenland polar bear skull sampled in 1972 and (right) polar bear penis bone / baculum from ten Canadian polar bears aged 2–28 years sampled in the period 1997–2003 (modified from Sonne et al., 2004, 2006b).
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Figure 1.1 Regions from which contaminant exposure and effect studies were available for the present assessment.
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Figure 2.1 Locations and effects of reported studies documenting linkages between global climate change-induced ecological impacts and POP and Hg pathways. Adapted from McKinney et al. (2015). Details of species, locations and compounds are available in Annex 1.
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Figure 3.3 Thyroid lesions in East Greenland polar bears sampled during 1999–2009. (a) C-cell proliferations, (b) calcitonin colouring, (c) nodular hyperplasia, (d) interstitial fibrosis (modified from Sonne et al., 2011).
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Figure 4.1 Risk quotients for PCB-mediated effects on the immune and hormone systems based on post-2000 sampling of Arctic key species and their ΣPCB loads using a conservatively determined critical body residue of 10 µg/g lw PCBs. See Annex 2 for the detailed information upon which this summary graphic is based.
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